1 管道组成件 Piping components

1.1 管子 Pipe

管子(按照配管标准规格制造的) pipe
管子(不按配管标准规格制造的其他用管) tube
钢管 steel pipe
铸铁管 cast iron pipe
衬里管 lined pipe
复合管 clad pipe
碳钢管 carbon steel pipe
合金钢管 alloy steel pipe
不锈钢 stainless steel pipe
奥氏体不锈钢管 austenitic stainless steel pipe
铁合金钢管 ferritic alloy steel pipe
轧制钢管 wrought-steel pipe
锻铁管 wrought-iron pipe
无缝钢管 seamless (SMLS) steel pipe
焊接钢管 welded steel pipe
电阻焊钢管 electric-resistance welded steel pipe
电熔（弧）焊钢板卷管 electric-fusion (arc)-welded steel-plate pipe
螺旋焊接钢管 spiral welded steel pipe
镀锌钢管 galvanized steel pipe
热轧无缝钢管 hot-rolling seamless pipe
冷拔无缝钢管 cold-drawing seamless pipe
水煤气钢管 water-gas steel pipe
塑料管 plastic pipe
玻璃管 glass tube
橡胶管 rubber tube
直管 run pipe; straight pipe

1.2 管件 Fitting

弯头 elbow
异径弯头 reducing elbow
带支座弯头 base elbow
k半径弯头 long radius elbow
短半径弯头 short radius elbow
长半径180°弯头 long radius return
短半径180°弯头 short radius return
带侧向口的弯头（右向或左向） side outlet elbow (right hand or left hand)
双支管弯头（ 形） double branch elbow
三通 tee
异径三通 reducing tee
等径三通 straight tee
带侧向口的三通（右向或左向） side outlet tee (right hand or 1eft hand)
异径三通（分支口为异径） reducing tee (reducing on outlet)
异径三通（一个直通口为异径）reducing tee (reducing on one run)
带支座三通 base tee
异径三通（一个直通口及分支口为异径） reducing tee (reducing on one run and outlet)
异径三通（两个直通口为异径，双头式） reducing tee (reducing on both runs, bull head)
45°斜三通 45° lateral
45°斜三通（支管为异径） 45° lateral (reducing on branch)
45°斜三通(一个直通口为异径) 45° lateral (reducing on one run)
45°斜三通(一个直通口及支管为异径) 45° lateral (reducing on one run and branch)
Y型三通（俗称裤衩） true “Y”
四通 cross
等径四通 straight cross
异径四通 reducing cross
异径四通（一个分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducing on one outlet)
异径四通（一个直通口及分支口为异径） reducing cross (reducing on one run and outlet)
异径四通（两个分支口为异径） reducing cross (reducing on both outlet)
异径四通（一个直通口及两个分支口为异径） reducing cross (reducing on one run and both outlet)
异径管 reducer
同心异径管 concentric reducer
偏心异径管 eccentric reducer
锻制异径管 reducing swage
螺纹支管台 threadolet
焊接支管台 weldolet
承插支管台 sockolet
弯头支管台 elbolet
斜接支管台 latrolet
镶入式支管嘴 sweepolet
短管支管台 nipolet
支管台，插入式支管台 boss
管接头 coupling, full coupling
半管接头 half coupling
异径管接头 reducing coupling
活接头 union
内外螺纹缩接（俗称补芯） bushing
管帽 cap (C)
堵头 plug
短节 nipple
异径短节 reducing nipple; swage nipple

1.3 弯管 Bend

预制弯管 fabricated pipe bend
跨越弯管（^ 形） cross-over bend
偏置弯管（~ 形） offset bend
90°弯管 quarter bend
环形弯管 cirele bend
单侧偏置90°弯管（? 形） single offset quarter bend
S形弯管 “S” bend
单侧偏置U形膨胀弯管（| ?形） single offset “U” bend
U形弯管 “U” bend
双偏置U膨胀弯管 double offset expansion “U” bend
斜接弯管 mitre bend
三节斜接弯管 3-piece mitre bend
折皱弯管 corrugated bend
圆度 roundness

1.4 法兰 Flange (FLG）

整体管法兰 integral pipe flange
钢管法兰 steel pipe flange
螺纹法兰 threaded flange
滑套法兰（包括平焊法兰） slip-on flange (SO); slip-on welding flange
承插焊法兰 socket welding flange
松套法兰 lap joint flange (LJF)
对焊法兰 welding neckflange (WNF)
法兰盖 blind flange, blind
孔板法兰 orifice flange
异径法兰 reducing flange
盘座式法兰 pad type flange
松套带颈法兰 loose hubbed flange
焊接板式法兰 welding plate flange
对焊环 welding neck collar （与stub end相似）
平焊环 welding-on collar
突缘短节 stub end, lap
翻边端 lapped pipe end
松套板式法兰 loose plate flange
压力级 pressure rating, pressure rating class
压力—温度等级 pressure-temperature rating
法兰密封面，法兰面 flange facing
突面 raised face (RF)
凸面 male face (MF)
凹面 female face (FMF)
榫面 tongue face
槽面 groove face
环连接面 ring joint face
全平面；满平面 flat face; full face (FF)
光滑突面 smooth raised face (SRF)
法兰面加工 facing finish
粗糙度 roughness
光滑的 smooth
齿形 serrated
均方根 root mean square (RMS)
算术平均粗糙高度 arithmetical average roughness height (AARH)
配对法兰 companion-flange
螺栓圆 bolt circle (B.C.)

1.5 垫片 Gasket (GSKT)

垫片的型式 type of gasket
平垫片 flat gasket
环形平垫片 flat ring gasket
平金属垫片 flat metal gasket
夹棉织物的橡胶 elastomer with cotton fabric insertion
夹石棉织物的橡胶 elastomer with asbestos fabric insertion
夹石棉织物及金属丝加强的橡胶 elastomer with asbestos fabric insertion and with wire reinforcement
无石墨压缩白石棉垫片 non graphited compressed white asbestos gasket
天然白橡胶垫片 natural white rubber gasket
压缩石棉垫片 compressed asbestos class gasket
浸聚四氟乙烯的石棉垫片 PTFE impregnated asbestos gasket
夹石棉的缠绕金属垫片 spiral-wound metal gasket with asbestos filler
内环 inner ring
外环，外定位环 outer ring
波纹金属垫片 corrugated metal gasket
波纹金属包嵌石棉垫片 corrugated metal gasket with asbestos inserted
双夹套波纹金属包石棉垫片 corrugated metal double jacketed asbestos filled gasket
双夹套垫片 double jacketed gasket
金属包石棉平垫片 flat metal jacketed asbestos filled gasket
整体金属齿形垫片 solid metal serrated gasket
槽形金属垫片 grooved metal gasket
环形连接金属垫片 ring joint metal gasket
八角环形垫片 octagonal ring gasket
椭圆环形垫片 oval ring gasket
透镜式垫片 lens gasket
非金属垫片 non-metallic gasket

1.6 阀门 Valve

1.6.1 阀门结构、零件

阀轭 yoke
外螺纹阀杆及阀轭 outside screw and yoke (OS & Y)
阀杆 stem
内螺纹 inside screw (IS)
阀轭套 yoke sleeve
阀杆环 stem ring
阀座 valve seat (body seat)
阀座环、密封圈 seat ring
整体（阀）座 integral seat
堆焊（阀）座 deposited seat
阀芯（包括密封圈、杆等内件） trim
阀盘 disc
阀盘密封圈 disc seat
阀体 body
阀盖 bonnet
阀盖衬套 bonnet bush
螺纹阀帽 screw cap
螺纹阀盖 screw bonnet
螺栓连接的阀盖 bolted bonnet (BB)
活接阀盖（帽） union bonnet (cap)
螺栓连接的阀帽 bolted cap (BC)
焊接阀盖 welded bonnet (WB)
本体阀杆密封 body stem seal
石棉安全密封 asbestos emenen seal
倒密封 back seal
压力密封的阀盖 pressure-tight bonnet
动力操纵器 powered operator
电动操纵器 electric motor operator
气动操纵器 pneumatic operator
液压操纵器 hydraulic operator
快速操纵器 quick-acting operator
滑动阀杆 sliding stem
正齿轮传动 spur gear operated
伞齿轮传动 bevel gear operated
扳手操作 wrench operated
链轮 chain wheel
手轮 hand wheel
手柄 hand lever (handle)
气缸（或液压缸）操纵的 cylinder operated
链条操纵的 chain operated
等径孔道 full bore; full port
异径孔道 reducing bore, reduced port,venturi port
短型 short pattern
紧凑型（小型） compact type
笼式环 lantern ring
压盖 gland
阀杆填料 stem packing
阀盖垫片 bonnet gasket
升杆式（明杆） rising stem (RS)
非升杆式（暗杆） non-rising stem (NRS)
指示器/限位器 indicator/stopper
注油器 grease injector
可更换的阀座环 renewable seat ring

1.6.2 常用阀

(1）闸阀 gate valve
平行双闸板 double disc parallel seat
开口楔形闸板 split wedge
挠性整体楔形闸扳 flexible solid wedge
整体楔形闸板 solid wedge
塞型闸阀 plug gate valve
直通型闸阀 through conduit gate valve
(2) 截止阀 globe valve
球心型阀盘 globe type disc
塞型阀盘 plug type disc
可转动的阀盘 swivel disc
(3) 节流闪阀 throttle valve
针阀 needle valve
(4) 角阀 angle valve
(5) Y型阀（Y 型阀体截止阀） Y-valve (Y-body globe valve)
(6) 球阀 ball valve
三通球阀 3-way ball valve
装有底轴的 trunnion mounted
耐火型 fire safe type
浮动球型 floating ball type
防脱出阀杆 blowout proof stem
(7) 蝶阀 butterfly valve
对夹式（薄片型） wafer type
凸耳式 lug type
偏心阀板蝶阀 offset disc burerfly valve; eccentric butterfly valve
斜阀盘蝶阀 canted disc butterfly valve
连杆式蝶阀 link butterfly valve
8) 柱塞阀 piston type valve
(9) 旋塞阀 plug valve
三通旋塞阀 three-way plug valve
四通旋塞阀 four-way plug valve
旋塞 cock
衬套旋塞 sleeve cock
(10) 隔膜阀 diaphragm valve
橡胶衬里隔膜阀 rubber lined diaphragm valve
直通式隔膜阀 straight way diaphragm valve
堰式隔膜阀 weir diaphragm valve
(11) 夹紧式胶管阀 pinch valve（用于泥浆、粉尘等）
(12) 止回阀 check valve
升降式止回阀 lift check valve
旋启式止回阀 swing check valve, flap check valve
落球式止回阀 ball check valve
弹簧球式止回阀 spring ball check valve
双板对夹式止回阀 dual plate wafer type check valve
无撞击声止回阀 non-slam cheek valve
底阀 foot valve
切断式止回阀 stop check valve; non-return valve
活塞式止回阀 piston check valve
斜翻盘止回阀 tilting disc check valve
蝶式止回阀 butterfly check valve

1.6.3 其它用途的阀

安全泄气阀 safety valve (SV)
安全泄液阀 relief valve (RV)
安全泄压阀 safety relief valve
杠杆重锤式 lever and weight type
引导阀操纵的安全泄气阀 pilot operated safety valve
复式安全泄气阀 twin type safety valve
罐底排污阀 flush-bottom tank valve
电磁阀 solenoid valve, solenoid operated valve
电动阀 electrically operated valve, electric-motor operated valve
气动阀 pneumatic operated valve
低温用阀 cryogenic service valve
蒸汽疏水阀 steam trap
机械式疏水阎 mechanical trap
浮桶式疏水阀 open bucket trap, open top bucket trap
浮球式疏水阀 float trap
倒吊桶式疏水阀 inverted bucket trap
自由浮球式疏水阀 loose float trap
恒温式疏水阀 thermostatic trap
金属膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀 metal expansion steam trap
液体膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀 liquid expansion steam trap
双金属膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀 bimetallic expansion steam trap
压力平衡式恒温疏水阀 balanced pressure thermostatic trap
热动力式疏水阀 thermodynamic trap
脉冲式蒸汽疏水阀 impulse steam trap
放气阀（自动放气阀） air vent valve (automatic air vent valve) （疏水阀用）
平板式滑动闸阀 slab type sliding gate valve
盖阀 flat valve
换向阀 diverting valve, reversing valve
热膨胀阀 thermo expansion valve
自动关闭阀 self-closing gate valve
自动排液阀 self-draining valve
管道盲板阀 line-blind valve
挤压阀 squeeze valve（用于泥浆及粉尘等）
呼吸阀 breather valve
风门、挡板 damper
减压阀 pressure reducing valve, reducing valve
控制阀 control valve
膜式控制阀 diaphragm operated control valve
执行机构 actuator
背压调节阀 back pressure regulating valve
差压调节阀 differential pressure regulating valve
压力比例调节阀 pressure ratio regulating valve

1.6.4 未指明结构（或阀型）的阀

切断阀 block valve; shut-off valve; stop valve
调节阀 regulating valve
快开阀 quick opening valve
快闭阀 quick closing valve
隔断阀 isolating valve
三通阀 three way valve
夹套阔 jacketed valve
非旋转式阀 non-rotary valve
排污阀 blowdown valve
集液排放阀 drip valve
排液阀 drain valve
放空阀 vent valve
卸载阀 unloading valve
排出阀 discharge valve
吸入阀 suction valve
多通路阀 multiport valve
取样阀 sampling valve
手动阀 hand-operated valve; manually operated valve
锻造阀 forged valve
铸造阀 cast valve
（水）龙头 bibb; bib; faucet
抽出液阀（小阀） bleed valve
旁路阀 by-pass valve
软管阀 hose valve
混合阀 mixing valve
破真空阀 vacuum breaker
冲洗阀 flush valve
第一道阀；根部阀 primary valve
根部阀 root valve
总管阀 header valve
事故切断阀 emergency valve

1.7 管道特殊件 Piping Specialty

1.7.1 管道特殊件（组件）

粗滤器 strainer
过滤器 filter
临时粗滤器（锥型） temporary strainer (cone type)
y 型粗滤器 y-type strainer
T型粗滤器 T-type strainer
永久过滤器 permanent filter
丝网粗滤器 gauze strainer
洗眼器及淋浴器 eye washer and shower
视镜 sight glass
阻火器 flame arrester
喷嘴；喷头 spray nozzle
取样冷却器 sample cooler
消声器 silencer
膨胀节 expansion joint
波纹膨胀节 bellow expansion joint
单波 single bellow
双波 double bellow
多波 multiple bellow
压力平衡式膨胀节 pressure balanced expansion
带铰链膨胀节 hinged expansion joint
轴向位移型膨胀节 axial movement type expansion joint
自均衡膨胀节（外加强环）self-equalizing expansion joint
带接杆膨胀节 tied expansion joint
万向型膨胀节 universal type expansion joint
球形补偿器 ball type expansion joint
填函式补偿器 slip type (packed type) expansion joint
单向滑动填料函补偿器 single actionpacked slip joint

1.7.2 管道特殊元件Piping Special Element

软管接头 hose connection (HC)
快速接头 quick coupling
金属软管 metal hose
橡胶管 rubber hose
挠性管 flexible tube
鞍形补强板 reinforcing saddles
补强板 reinforcement pad
特殊法兰 special flange
漏斗 funnel
排液环 drip ring
排液漏斗 drain funnel
插板 blank
垫环 spacer
8字盲板 spectacle blind; figure 8 blind
限流孔板 restriction orifice
爆破片 rupture disk
法兰盖贴面 protective disc
费托立克接头 victaulic coupling

1.8 端部连接 End Connection

法兰端 flanged end
坡口端 beveled end (BE)
对焊端 butt welded end
平端 plain end (PE)
承插焊端 socket welding end
螺纹端 threaded end (TE)
承口 bell end
焊接端 welding end
法兰连接（接头） flanged joint
对焊连接（接头） butt welded joint
螺纹连接，管螺纹连接 threaded joint, pipe threaded joint
锥管螺纹密封焊连接 seal-welded taper pipe threaded joint
承插焊连接（接头） socket welded joint
承插连接（接头） bell and spigot joint
环垫接头 ring joint (RJ)
万向接头 universal joint
软钎焊连接（接头） soldered joint
搭接接头，松套连接 lapped joint
外侧厚度切斜角 bevel for outside thickncss
内侧厚度切斜角 bevel for inside thickness
内外侧厚度切斜角 bevel for combined thickness
法兰式的 flanged (FLGD)
对焊的 butt welded (BW)
螺纹的 threaded (THD)
承插焊的 socket welded (SW)
小端为平的 small end plain (SEP)
大端为平的 large end plain (LEP)
两端平 both ends plain (BEP)
小端带螺纹 small end thread (SET)
大端带螺纹 large end thread (LET)
两端带螺纹 both end thread (BET)
一端带螺纹 one end thread (OET)
支管连接 branch connection
焊接支管 branch pipe welded directly to the run pipe

2 管道用紧固件及螺纹

2.1 紧固件

螺栓 bolt
六角头螺栓 hexagonal head bolt
方头螺栓 square head bolt
螺柱，双头螺栓 stud bolt
环头螺检 eye bolt
沉头螺栓 countersunk (head) screw
地脚螺栓 anchor bolt; foundation bolt
松紧螺旋扣（花篮螺丝） turnbuckle
U形螺栓 U-bolt
T形螺栓 T-bolt
圆头螺钉 round head bolt
机螺栓，机螺钉 maehine bolt
顶开螺栓，顶起螺栓 Jack screw
自攻螺钉 self tapping screw
膨胀螺栓 expansion bolt
粗制的 coarse
精制的 finished, fine
螺母 nut
六角螺母 hexagonal nut
方螺母 square nut
蝶形螺母 wing nut
扁螺母 flat nut
锁紧螺母 lock nut
垫圈 washer
平垫圈 plain washer
球面垫圈 spherical washer
弹簧垫圈 spring washer
方垫圈 square washer
斜垫圈 slant washer
销轴 pinned shan
销 pin
开口销 cotter pin
定位销 dowel pin
带孔销 pin with hole
圆锥销 taper pin
铆钉 rivet
键 key

2.2 螺纹

左螺纹left hand thread
右螺纹 right hand thread
管螺纹 pipe thread
锥管螺纹 taper pipe thread
直管螺纹straight pipe thread
梯形螺纹 trapezoid thread
螺距pitch of thread
粗牙螺纹coarse thread
细牙螺纹 fine thread
特细牙螺纹extra fine thread
通长螺纹full thread
惠氏螺纹whitworth thread
公制螺纹 metric ibread
美国标准锥管螺纹 American standard taper pipe thread (NPT)
螺孔 tap

3 材料、型钢及填料

3.1 金属材料

3.1.1 黑色金属 Ferrous Metal

碳素钢 carbon steel (CS)
低碳钢 low-carbon steel
中碳钢 medium-carbon steel
高碳钢 high-carbon steel
普通碳素钢 general carbon steel
优质碳素钢 high-quality carbon steel
普通低合金结构钢 general structure low-alloy steel
合金结构钢 structural alloy steel
合金钢 alloy steel
低合金钢 low alloy steel
中合金钢 medium alloy steel
高合金钢 high alloy steel
耐热钢 heat resisting steel
高强度钢 high strength steel
复合钢 clad steel
工具钢 tool steel
弹簧钢 spring steel
钼钢 molybdenum steel
镍钢 nickel steel
铬钢 chromium steel
铬钼钢 chrome-molybdenum steel
铬镍钢 chromium-nickel steel,chrome-nickel steel
不锈钢 stainless steel (S.S.)
奥氏体不锈钢 Austenitic stainless steel
马氏体不锈钢 Martensitic stainless steel
司特来合金（钨铬钴台金） Stellite
耐蚀耐热镍基合金 Hastelloy
铬镍铁合金 inconel
耐热铬镍铁合金 incoloy
20合金 20 alloy
平炉钢（马丁钢） Martin steel
镇静钢 killed steel
半镇静钢 semi-killed steel
沸腾钢 rimmed steel; rimming steel; open-steel
锻钢 forged steel
铸钢 cast steel
铸铁 cast iron (C.I.)
灰铸铁 grey cast iron
可锻铸铁 malleable iron (MI)
球墨铸铁 nodular cast iron; nodular graphite iron
生铁 pig iron
熟铁，锻铁 wrought iron
铸件 casting
高硅铸铁 high silicon cast iron

3.1.2 镀层及制造方法

渗铬钢，镀铬钢 chromized steel
镀铬的 chromium-plated, chrome-plated
镀层 plating
锻造，型钢 swage
锻造的，锻造 forging
轧制 rolling
热轧 hot rolling
冷轧 cold rolling
挤压 extruding
冷加工 cold working
热加工 hot working
拔制 drawing

3.1.3 有色金属Non-ferrous Metal

铝 aluminum
铜，紫铜 copper
黄铜 brass
青铜 bronze
铝青铜 aluminum bronze
磷青铜 phosphor bronze
铝镁合金 aluminum magnesium
锰青铜 manganese bronze
蒙乃尔（注：镍及铜合金） Monel
镍铜台金 nickel copper alloy
非铁合金 nonferrous alloy
钛 titanium
铅 lead
硬铅 hard lead

3.1.4 材料性能

极限强度 ultimate strength
抗拉强度 tensile strength
屈服极限 yield limit
屈服点 yield point
延伸率 percentage elongation
抗压强度 compressive strength
抗弯强度 bending strength
弹性极限 elastic limit
冲击值 impact value
疲劳极限 fatigue limit
蠕变极限 creep limit
持久极限 endurance limit
布氏硬度 Brinell hardness
洛氏硬度 Rockwell hardness
维氏硬度 Vickers diamond hardness, diamond penetrator hardness
蠕变断裂强度 creep rupture strength
断面收缩率 reduction of area
韧性 toughess
脆性 brittleness
延性 ductility
冷脆 cold shortness
冷流 cold flow

3.2 非金属材料 Non-metallic Material

塑料 plastic
丙烯腈—丁二烯—苯乙烯 acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS)
聚乙烯 polyethylene (PE)
聚氯乙烯 polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
苯乙烯橡胶 styrene-rubber (SR)
聚丁烯 polybutylene (PB)
聚丙烯 polypropylene (PP)
聚苯乙烯 polystyrene (PS)
氯化聚醚 chlorinated polyether (CPE)
聚酰胺 polyamide (PA)
聚碳酸酯 polycarbonate (PC)
聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)
醋酸丁酸纤维素cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB)
氯化聚氯乙烯 chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC)
聚偏二氟乙烯 polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)
缩醛塑料 acetal plastic
尼龙塑料 nylon plastic
聚烯烃 polyolefin (PO)
石墨酚醛塑料 graphite phenolic plastics
聚四氟乙烯 polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
纤维增强热塑性塑料 fiber reinforced thermoplastics
热塑性塑料 thermoplastic
热固性塑料 thermosetting plastics
胶粘剂 adhesive
溶剂胶接剂 solvent cement
树脂 resin
环氧树脂 epoxy, epoxy resin
聚酯树脂 polyester resin
聚酯纤维 polyester fibers
氟塑料 fluoroplastics
聚氨基甲酸酯 polyurethane
丙烯酸树脂 acrylic resin
脲醛树脂 urea resin
呋哺树脂 furan resin
乙烯丙烯二烃单体 ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM)
合成橡胶 synthetic rubber
橡胶 rubber
丁腈橡胶 nitrile butadiene rubber
氯丁橡胶 neoprene
天然橡胶 natural rubber
乙丙橡胶 ethylene propylene rubber (EPR)
玻璃 glass
硼硅玻璃 borosilicate glass
耐火砖 fire brick
陶瓷 ceramic
搪瓷 porcelain enamel
木材 wood

3.3 型材

型钢 shaped steel, section steel, swage
角钢 angle steel
槽钢 channel
工字钢 I-beam
宽缘工字钢或H钢 wide flanged beam
T型钢 T-bar
方钢 square bar
扁钢 flat bar
角钢 hexagonal steel bar
圆钢 round steel; rod
钢带 strap steel
钢板 plate
网纹钢板 checkered plate
腹板（指型钢的立板） web
翼缘（指型钢的缘） wing

3.4 填料及填料函

填料 packing
石棉绳 asbestos rope, asbestos cord．
O形环 O-ring
自密封 self-sealing
四氟带 Teflon tap
带铬镍合金丝的石棉绳 asbestos rope with inconel wire, inconel wire asbestos
浸聚四氟乙烯的石棉填料 Teflon impregnated asbestos packing
金属填料 metallic stuffing
填料箱，填料函 packing box, stuffing box
填料函压盖 stuffing box gland

4 管道等级及材料统计

4.1 管道材料规定 Piping Material Specification

管道等级 piping class; piping classification
管道等级号 class designation
公称直径 nominal diameter (DN); nominal (pipe) size
公称压力 nominal pressure (PN)
压力级，等级，类别 class (CL)
低压 low pressure (L.P.)
中压 medium pressure (M.P.)
高压 high pressure (H.P.)
大气压 atmosphere (ATM)
真空 vacuum
工作压力 operating pressure; working pressure
设计压力 design pressure
工作温度 operating temperature
设计温度 design temperature
环境温度 ambient temperature
腐蚀裕量 corrosion allowance
管道附件 piping attachment
管道元件 piping element
壁厚 wall thickness (WT)
壁厚系列号 schedule number (SCH. No.)
加厚的，加强的 extra heavy, extra strong
双倍加厚的，双倍加强的 double extra heavy, double extra strong
通用连接组 typieal installation
分组（类）形式（如管道等级表） block form
数据库 data base
文件 file

4.2 材料统计 Material Take-off (MTO)

汇总表 summary sheet
材料表 bill of material (BM)
综合管道材料表 consolidated piping material summary sheet (CPMSS)
统计材料准确度 accuracy of take-off
材料情况报告 material status report (MSR)
散装材料 bulk material
编位号的 itemized
代码 code number
短代码 short code
数量 quantity (QTY)
重力 weight
净重 net weight
毛重 gross weight

5 设备布置及管道布置
Plot Plan and Piping Layout,Equipment and Piping Arrangement

5.1 设备名称 Equipment Name

5.1.1 容器 Vessel

(1) 塔 tower, column
洗涤塔 scrubber
吸收塔 absorber
冷却塔 cooling tower
精馏塔 fractionating tower
蒸馏塔 distillation tower
再生塔 regenering tower
造粒塔 prflling tower
汽提塔 stripper
脱气塔 degasifier
合成塔 synthesis tower
(2) 反应器 reactor
聚台釜 polymerizer
转化器，变换器 converter
脱硫反应器 desulphurization reactor
甲烷化器 methanator
(3) 气柜 gas-holder
螺旋式气柜 helical gas-holder
湿式气柜 wet gas-holder
干式气柜 dry gas-holder
(4) 槽罐
贮罐 tank; storage tank
缓冲罐 knock out drum
球罐 spheroid, spherical tank
罐 drum
接受槽 receiver
计量槽 measuring tank
加料槽 feed tank
排污罐 blow down tank
闪蒸罐 flash drum
汽包 steam drum
溶液贮槽 solution storage tank
地下槽 sloptank
(5) 其它设备
分离器 separator
旋风分离器 cyclone
分子筛 molecular sieve
脱氧器 deaerator
搅拌器 agitator
干燥器 dryer
混合器 mixer
萃取器 extractor
结晶器 crystallizer
澄清器 gravity settler
净化器 purifier
气化器 vaporizer
吸附器 adsorber
融解槽 melter
减温器 desuperheater
升压器 booster
喷射器 ejector
喷头 sprayer
火炬 flare
消声器 silencer
(6) 换热器、加热器、冷却器
换热器 heat exchanger
空冷器 air cooler
水冷却器 water cooler
冷凝器 condenser
螺旋板式换热器 spiral plate heat exchanger
蒸发器 evaporator
再沸器 reboiler
急冷器 quencher
深冷器 chiller
预热器 preheater
再热器 reheater
加热器 heater
电加热器 electric heater
过热器 super heater
给水加热器 feed water heater
中间冷却器 inter cooler
后冷却器 after cooler

5.1.2 工业炉及锅炉

炉子 furnace
烧嘴 burner
锅炉 boiler
烟囱 stack
废热锅炉 waste heat boiler
辅助锅炉 auxiliary boiler
省煤器 economizer
回热炉 direct-fired heater
辐射段 radiant section
对流段 convection section
裂化炉 reformer
焚烧炉 incinerator
回转窑 rotary kiln
炉管 furnace tube
吹灰器 soot blower
观察孔 observation door, peep door
防爆门 explosion door

5.2 辅助用房名称

5.2.1 生产用房

分析室 analyzer room
变压器室 transformer room
配电室，变电所 substation, switch room
蓄电池室 battery room
控制室 control room
通风室 ventilating room
贮藏室 storage room
维修间 maintenance room
办公室 office

5.2.2 生活用房

更农室 locker room
盥洗室，厕所 closet, lavatory, toilet

5.3 图名

管道布置平面 piping arrangement plan (PAP)
管道布置 piping layout
轴测图 isometric drawing
分区索引图 key plan
初版设备布置图（“A”版） preliminary plot plan ( “A” issue)
内部审查版设备布置图（“B”版） inrernal approval plot plan ( “B” issue)
用户审查版设备布置图（“C”版) owner approval plot plan ( “C” issue)
确认版设备布置图（“D”版） confirm plot plan ( “D” issue)
研究版设备布置图（“e”版） planning plot plan ( “E” issue)
设计版设备布置图（“F”） designing plot plan ( “F” issue)
施工版设备布置图（“G”版） construction plot plan ( “G” issue)

5.4 厂房、站、单元

压缩机房 compressor house (room)
泵房 pump house (room)
洗眼站 eye washer station
泡沫站 foam station
软管站，公用工程站 hose station (HS), utility station
成套设备 package unit
设施 facilities
罐区 tank yard
空分装置 air separation facility

5.5 设备布置

设备位号 equipment item number
工厂 plant
工厂区界 plant limit
项目区界内侧 inside battery limit (I.S.B.L.)
项目区界 batterylimit (BL)
区界 area limit
区域边界 zone iimit
界外 off site
东 east (E)
西 west (W)
南 south (S)
北 north (N)
上 up
下 down
工厂北向 plant north
真实北向 true north
道路 road
小过道 cat walk, cat way
走道，过道 walk way, gangway, access way
污水坑（井） sump pit
集水池 catch basin
沟槽 through
预留区 trough
场地 future area
铺砌区 paving area
非铺砌区 unpaved area
碎石铺面 gravel paving
橡皮铺面 rubber paving
面积，区域 area
体积，容积 volume (VOL)

5.6 管道布置

管道设计 piping design
管道研究 piping study
走向研究 routing study
重要管道 critical piping
地上管道 above ground piping
地下管道 under ground piping
管网 network of pipes
管廊 pipe rack
管沟 piping trench
管间距 line spacing
管道跨距 line span
总管 header, manifold
旁路 by pass
排液 drain
放空 vent
上升管，垂直管 riser
导管 canduit
裸管 bare iine
管件直接 fitting to fitting (FTF)
管段，接口 spool piece, spool
取样接口 sampling connection
集液包 drip leg
伴热管 tracing pipe
蒸汽伴热 steam tracing
热水伴热 hot-water tracing
电伴热 electrical tracing
夹套管 jacketed line, jacketed piping
全夹套的 full jacketed
平面 plan
详图 detail
“ ”视图X view “X”
“ ”剖视A-A section “A-A”
连接图 hook up drawing
接续图 continue on drawing (COD)
接续线 match line (M.L.)
比例 scale
图例 legend
符号 symbol
管口表 list of nozzles
方位 orientation
管口方位 nozzle orientation
定位 location
相交 intersection
水平的 horizontal
垂直的，立式的 vertical
垂直，正交，垂直的 perpendicular
平行，平行的 parallel
水平安装 horizontal installation
垂直安装 vertical installafion
对称的 symmetric
相反（的），对面（的） opposite
顺时针方向 clock wise
逆时针方向 counter clock wise
计算机辅助设计 computer aided design (CAD)

5.7 图面标注

绝对标高 abselute elevation
海平面标高 over-sea mean level (OSL)
标高，立面 elevation (EL)
混凝土顶面 top of concrete
架顶面 top of support (TOS)
钢结构顶面 top of steel
梁项面 top of beam (TOB)
支撑点 point of suppon (POS)
管顶 top of pipe (TOP)
管底 bouom of pipe (BOP)
沟底 boaom of trench
管子内底 invert (inside bottom of pipe)
底平 flat on bottom (FOB)
顶平 flat on top (FOT)
工作点 working point (W.P.)
面至面 face to face (F-F)
中心至端面 center to end (C-E)
中心至面 center to face (C-F)
中心至中心，中至中 center to center (C-C)
坐标 coordinate
坐标原点 origin of coordinate
出口中心线 center line of discharge
入口中心线 center line of suction
中心线 centerline (CL)
入口 inlet, suction
出口 outlet, discharge
排出口 exhaust
距离 distance

5.8 相关专业的专业词汇

5.8.1 工艺

(1) 图及表

流程图 flow diagram
工艺流程图 process flow diagram (PFD)
管道及仪表流程图 piping and
instrument flow diagram (PID)
公用工程流程图 utility flow diagram (UFD)
管线表 line list; line schedule
命名表；管道表 nomenclature
设备表 equipment list (schedule)

(2) 流体 fluid

空气 air
仪表空气 instrument air
工艺空气 process air
低压蒸汽 low pressure steam
中压蒸汽 medium pressure steam
高压蒸汽 high pressure steam
伴热蒸汽 tracing steam
饱和蒸汽 saturated steam
过热蒸汽 superheated steam
氧气 oxygen
氢气 hydrogen
氮气 nitrogen
燃料气 fuel gas
天然气 natural gas
火炬气 flare gas
酸性气 sour gas
液化石油气 liquefired petroleum gas (LPG)
氨气 ammonia gas
冷却水 cooling
循环水 circulating water
锅炉给水 boiler feed water
热水 hot water
蒸汽冷凝水 steam condensate
盐水 brine
工艺水 process water
化学污水 chemical sewage
防腐剂 corrosion inhibitor
重油 heavy oil
石脑油 naphtha
燃料油 fuel oil
润滑油 lubricating oil
密封油 sealing oil
冷冻剂 refrigerant
载热体 heating medium
溶剂 solvent
溶液 solution
母液 mother liquor
单体 monomer
聚合物 polymer
均聚物 homopolymer
共聚物 copolymer
工艺液体 process liquid
工艺气体 process gas
硫酸 sulphuric acid
盐酸 chlorhydric acid
硝酸 nitric acid
烧碱 caustic soda
(3) 流体特性 fluid characteristics
蒸汽压 vapor pressure
临界温度 critical temperature
临界点 critical point
临界压力 critical pressure
比热 specific heat
湿度 humidity
密度 density
比重 specific gravity
粘度 viscosity
闪点 flash point
融点 melting point
凝固点 freezing point
浓度 concentration
爆炸极限 limit of explosion
有毒的 toxic
可燃的；易燃的 flammable
(4) 其它
回收 recovery
再生 regeneration
循环 cireulatlon
再循环；再生 recycle
补充 make-up
制备 preparation
蒸汽吹扫 steaming out
吹扫 purge
抽空；排空 evacuation
吹出 blow-off
排污 blow down
破真空 vacuum breaker
大气腿 barometric leg
备用 stand-by
化学清洗 chemical cleaning
净正吸入压头 net positive suction head (NPSH)
进料 feed
成品 product
污染 contamination
大气污染 atmospheric pollution
环境温度 ambient temperature

5.8.2 建筑、结构

建筑物 building
钢结构 steel structure
已有钢结构 existing steel structure
钢筋混凝土结构 reinforced concrete construction
楼面 floor
平台 platform (PF)
地面 ground level
栏杆 handrail
楼梯 stair; stair way
直梯 ladder
柱 column; post; stanchion
基础 foundation; footing
粱 beam
斜撑；支撑 bracing
桁架；主粱 girder
构件 member
隔墙 partition wall
墙 wall
篦子板 grate; grating
吊装孔 erection opening
吊梁 hoisting beam
棚 shelter
窗 window
天窗 skylight
门 door
防火门 fire door
地漏 floor drain
防火层 fire-proofing
总图 general plot plan
路肩 shoulder
桩 pile
灌浆 grouting
风荷载 wind load
雪荷载 snow load
动力荷载 dynamic load
静荷载 dead load
活荷载 live load
风速 wind velocity
主导风向 most frequent wind direction

5.8.3 仪表

盘（操作盘） panel
就地盘 local panel
仪表盘 instrument panel
常开 normally open
常闭 normally closed
电缆槽（架） cable tray (channel); cable rack
仪表电缆槽（架） instrument cable tray (duct)
压力计 manometer; pressure gauge
热电偶 thermocouple
温度计 thermometer
液位计 level gauge
玻璃液位计 gage glass
温度计保护管 thermowell
流量计 flow meter
孔板 orifice
变送器 transmitter
联锁 interlock
仪器；设备 apparatus
仪器分析 instrumental analysis
自动分析 automatic analysis
气体分析 gas analysis
化学分析 chemical analysis
气相色谱仪 gas chromatograph
液相色谱仪 liquid chromatograph
质谱分析 mass spectrometric analysis

5.8.4 电气

危险区划分 hazardous area classification
危险区平面图 hazardous area plan
电气盘 electrical panel
配电盘 switch board
电缆沟 cable trench
电流 current
直流 direct current
交流 alternating current
频率 frequency
相位 phase
功率因数 power factor
电压 voltage
电阻 resistance
电容 capacitance
静电 static electricity
接地 grounding; easthing
照明 lighting; illumination
避雷针 lightning preventer
电话 telephone
电线 wire
接线箱（盒） junction box
导线管 conduit tube

5.8.5 设备

固定鞍座 fixed saddle
滑动鞍座 sliding saddle
管口 nozzle
人孔 manhole (MH)
手孔 handhole (HH)
检查孔 inspection hole
吊柱 davit
切线 tangent line
焊接线 weldingiine
件号 part humbet
椭圆形封头 ellipsoidal head
加强圈 reinforcing ring
接地板 earth lug
吊耳 lifting lug
气缸 cylinder
轴 shaft
轴承 bearing
附件，附属设备 accessory
编位号设备 itemized equipment
无位号设备 non-itemized equipment

5.8.6 水道

(1) 流体

原水 raw water
硬水 hard water
软水 soft water
饮用水 potable water
循环冷却水给水 cooling water supply
循环冷却水回水 cooling water return
脱盐水 demineralized water
苦咸水（碱性水） brackish water
生活污水 sanitary sewer
工业废水 industrial waste water
雨水 rain water
污染雨水 contaminated rain water
消防水 fire water

(2) 装置、设施

软化装置 softener
沉淀器 settler
沉淀池 clarifier
脱盐装置 demineralizer
水处理 water traatment
冷却塔 cooling tower
中和池 neutralization tank
化粪池 septic tank
渗滤井 soak-away pit
井 well
阀井 valve pit
清扫口 clean out

（3）消防

消火栓 hydrant
水炮 water monitor
洒水器 sprinkler
水喷淋 watering
灭火器 fire extinguisher
消防水泵 fire pump
消防车 fire fighting truck
泡沫消防 foam fire-fighting
泡沫栓 foam hydrant
泡沫炮 foam monitor
消防软管接头 fire hose connection

6 管道支吊架 Pipe Supports and Hangers

6.1 管架零部件 Attachment of Support

管托 shoe
管卡 clamp
U形夹（卡） clevis
锻制U形夹 forged steel clevis
支耳；吊耳 lug; ear
耳轴 trunnion
止动挡块 shear lug
托座 stool
托架 cradle
带状卡 strap clamp
夹板，导向板 cleat
可调夹板 adjustable cleat
角板；连接板 gusset
筋；肋 rib
支承环 ring
加强板 stiffiener
底板 base plate
顶板 top plate
翅片式导向板 fin
预埋件 embedded part; inserted plate
垫板（安装垫平用） shim
锚固件；生根件 clip
预焊件(设备上) clip (on equipment)
聚四氟乙烯滑动板 PTFE sliding plate
连接板 tie plate
连接杆 tie rod
限制杆 limit rod
带环头拉杆 eye rod
连接杆 connecting rod
杠杆 lever
支撑杆 strut
定位块 preset pieces
间隔管（片、块） spacer
滑动吊板（吊架顶部用） sliding traveler(for hanger)
滑轮组 tackle-block
钢索，电缆 cable
木块 wood block
鞍座 saddle
裙座 skirt
软管卷盘（简） hose reel
管部附着件 pipe attachment

6.2 管支架型式 Type of Pipe Support

支承架 resting support
滑动架 sliding support
固定架 anchor
导向架 guide
限制性支架；约束 restraint
限位架 stop
限位器 stopper
定值限位架 limit stop
二维限位架 two-axis stop
往复定值限位架 double-acting limit stop
定向限位架 directional stop
吊架 hanger
弹簧架 spring support
弹簧托架 resting type spring support
弹簧吊架 spring hanger
恒力吊架 constant hanger
重锤式吊架 counter weight hanger
弹簧恒力吊架 spring constant hanger
弹簧恒力托架 resting type spring constant support
滚动支架 rolling support
弹簧支撑架 spring bracing
减振器 snubber
液压减振器 hydraulic snubber
减振装置 damping device
缓冲简（器） dash pot
刚性吊架 rigid hanger

6.3 标准及通用型支架

标准管架 standard pipe support
通用管架 typical pipe support
悬臂架 cantilever support
三角架 triangular support’
支腿 leg
Ⅱ形管架 Ⅱ-type support
L形管架 L-type support
柱式管架 pole type support
墙架 support on wall
可调支架 adjustable support
管墩，低管架 sleeper
特殊管架 special support
管道支吊架图 piping support drawing

6.4 管架安装

背至背 back to back
钻孔 drill
长孔 slot; slot hole
放气孔；通气孔 vent hole
灌浆；水泥砂浆填平 grouting
组装；装配 assembly
攻螺孔 tapped; tapping
自由滑动 free to slide
跨度 span
对中心；找正 alignment
切割使适合 cut to suit
修饰使适合 trim to suit
伸出长度（指预埋螺栓） extrusion

7 应力计算

热应力分析 thermal stress analysis
管道柔性分析 piping flexibility analysis
荷载工况 load case
力 force
反力 reaction
力矩 moment
弯曲力矩 bending moment
扭矩 torque
外载 externally applied load
荷载 load
冷态荷载 cold load
工作荷载 working load
外力 external force
内力 internal force
力偶 couple of force
管系 piping system
位移 displacement
附加位移 appendant displacement; externally imposed displacement
角位移 angular rotation
冷拉 cold spring
自拉 self spring
方向 direction
元件 member
节点 node
节点号 node number
自由 free
固定点 fix point; anchor point
刚性的 rigid
柔性 flexibility
塑性 plasticity
热循环 thermal cycle
剧烈循环条件 severe cyclic condition
应力 stress
弯曲应力 bending stress
扭转应力 torsional stress
轴向应力 axial stress
剪切应力 shear stress
拉应力 tension stress
压应力 compression stress
一次应力 primary stress
二次应力 secondary stress
位移（热胀）应力范围 displacement (thermal expansion) stress range
许用应力范围 allowable stress range
位移应力 displacement stress
柔性应力 flexibility stress
内压应力 internal pressure stress
外压应力 external pressure stress
纵向应力 longitudinal stress
许用应力 allowable stress
主应力 principal stress
圆周应力 circumferential stress; hoop stress
峰值应力 peak stress
脉动应力 pulsating stress
交变应力 alternating stress
残余应力 residual stress
热应力 thermal stress
遛转半径 radius of gyration
泊松比；横向变形系数 Poisson ratio
弹性模量 modulus ofelasticity
惯性矩 moment of inertia
极惯性矩 polar moment of inertia
断面系数 section modulus
应力集中系数 coefficient of stress concentration
应力范围减小系数 stress range reduction factur
应力增大系数 stress intensification factor
面内 in-plane
面外 out-plane
柔性系数 flexibility factor
柔度特性 flexibility characteristic
弹簧系数 spring constant
热膨胀系数 thermal expansion coefficient
安全系数 safety factor
应变；变形 strain; deformation
应变能 strain energy
挠度；弯度 deflection
地震 earthquake
耐震等级 seismic class
临时荷载 temporary load
地震荷载 seismic load; earthquake load
地震系数 seismic coemcient; seismic factor
冲击荷载 shock load
超载 superimposed load; excess load
集中质量 lumped mass
推力 thrust
设计震度 design scismic coefficient
设计响应谱 design response spectrum
谱分析 spectrum analysis
动态分析 dynamic analysis
谐振分析 harmonic analysis
固有振动型式 natural frequency mode
阻尼振动 damped vibration
机械振动 mechanical vibration
音响振动 acoustic vibration
自由振动 free vibration
共振 resonance
湍振 surging
脉动 pulsation
激振；激发 excitation
衰减系数 decay factor; decay coefficient; attenuation constant
固有频率 natural frequency
周期 period
波谷 wave trough
波峰 wave crest
振幅；波幅 amplitude
水锤 water hammer

8 隔热、隔声

玻璃棉 glass woo1
岩棉 rock wool
聚氨酯；聚氨基甲酸酯 polyurethane
泡沫玻璃 foam glass; cellular glass
沥青 asphalt
油毛毡 asphalt felt
镀锌铁丝 galvanized wire
镀锌铁丝网 galvanized wire mesh
石棉板 asbestos board
石棉布 asbastos cloth
石棉织品 asbestos fabric
管壳 shell
棉毡 blanket
硅酸钙 calcium silicate
硅酸铝纤维 aluminosilicate fiber
珍珠岩 perlite
泡沫混凝土 foamed concrete; cellular concrete
蛭石 vermiculite
矿（渣）棉 mineral wool
保温块 insulation block
硅藻土 kieselguhr; diatomite; diatomaceous earth
碳酸镁 magnesium carbonate
软木 cork wood
泡沫聚苯乙烯 cellular polystyrene; foam polystyrene
硬泡沫橡胶 rigid foam rubber
填颖材料 caulking material
玛帝脂保护层 mastic weatherproof coating
水泥抹面 finishing cement
金属保护层 clad; metal jacketing; cladding metal
玻璃布 glass (fiber) cloth
镀锌铁皮 galvanized (sheet) iron; galvanized plain sheet
铝板 alaminium sheet
油毛毡；沥青毡 asphalt felt
发毡 hair felt
发泡 foaming
导热系数 thermal conductivity factor
隔热；融热层 insulation
保温 hot insulation
保冷 cold insulation
人身保护 personal protection
隔声 sound insulation
防结露 anti-sweat
防冻 winterizing
线规 wire gage
伯明翰线规 Birmingham wire gage (BWG)
美国线规 American wire gage (AWG)
支承环 support ring
环箍 circumferential band
钢环 steel ring
吸声 sound-absorbing
分贝 Decibel
声源 sound source
声强 sound intensity
声压值 sound pressure level
噪声值 noise level; sound level

10 焊接 Welding

10.1 焊接种类 Varieties of Welding

电弧焊 arc welding
电熔焊 electric fusion welding (EFW)
气熔焊 fusion gas welding (FGW)
电阻焊 electric resistance welding (ERW)
有保护的金属电弧焊 shielded metal arc welding (SMAW)
手工或自动隋性气体保护钨极电弧焊 manual and automatic inert gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW)
自动埋弧焊 automatic submerged arc welding
金属极隋性气体保护电弧焊 gas metal arc weiding (GMAW)
氩弧焊 argon-arc welding，
气体保护电弧焊 gas-shielded arc welding
气焊 gas welding; flame welding
等离子焊 plasma welding
硬钎焊 braze welding
电渣焊 electroslag welding
爆炸焊 explosive welding

10.2 焊接形式 Type of Welding

角焊 fillet welding
间断焊 intermittent welding
点焊 spot welding
对焊 butt welding
搭焊 lap welding
塞焊 plug welding
珠焊 bead welding
槽焊 slot welding
堆焊 build up welding
垫板焊 backing weld
坡口 groove
V形坡口 V groove
单面U形坡口 single U groove
K形坡口 double bevel groove
X形坡口 double V groove
双面U形坡口 double U groove
U-V组合坡口 combination U and V groove
根部间隙 root gap
焊接符号 symbol of weld
错边量 alignment tolerance

10.3 焊接位置 Welding Position

仰焊 overhead welding
现场焊 field weld (F.W.)
封底焊 back run welding
立焊 vertical welding
平焊 flat welding
工厂（车间）焊接 shop weld
定位焊 tack weld
跳焊 skip welding
节距 pitch

10.4 焊接缺陷 Defects of Welding

焊接裂纹 weld crack
根部裂纹 root crack
微裂纹 micro crack
错位 mismatch
弧坑 pit; crater
焊穿 burn through
夹渣 slag inclusion
咬边；咬肉 undercut
焊瘤 overlap
气孔 porosity, blow hole
砂眼 blister
针孔 pin hole
严重飞溅 excessive spatter
未溶合 incomplete fusion; lack of fusion
根部未焊透 incomplete penetration

10.5 其它

母材；基层金属 base metal
预热 preheating
热影响区 heat affected zone (HAZ)
焊条 welding electrode (rod)
焊丝 welding wire
焊药（剂） flux

12 检验及试验
12.1 检验 Inspection

焊接检验 welding inspection
无损检验 non-destructive testing (NDT)
肉眼检验；外观检验 visual inspection
着色渗透检验 dye penetrant inspection
液体渗透检验 liquid penetrant test (PT)
X射线照相 X-ray radiography
γ射线照相 gamma radiography
射线检验 radiographic test (RT)
涡流探伤 eddy current test (ET)
超声波探伤 ultrasonic test (UT)
磁粉探伤 magnetic particle test (MT)
荧光渗透检验 fluorescent penetrant inspection

12.2 试验 Test

压力试验 pressure test
水压试验 hydraulic test
气压试验 pneumatic test
气密试验 air tightness test
泄漏试验 leak test
卤气泄漏试验 halogen gas leak test
盛水试验 full water test
真空试验 vacuum test
拉伸试验 tension test
弯曲试验 bending test
冲击试验 impact test
硬度试验 hardness test
疲劳试验 fatigue test
压扁试验 flattening test
扩口试验 flaring test
金相试验 microscopic test
腐蚀试验 corrosion test
焊接工艺评定试验 welding procedure qualification test

13 设计阶段及管理

分析设计阶段 analytical engineering phase
初步阶段 preliminary stage
规划布置阶段 planning stage (phase)
成品设计阶段 production design phase
详细设计 detail design
基础设计 basic design
工作程序 working procedure
界区条件 battery limit condition
开工会议 kick-off meeting; launching meeting
项目审核会 proiect review meeting
项目进展情况报告 proiect status report (PSR)
厂商协调会 vendor coordinative meeting (VCM)
用户变更通知 client change notice (CCN)
先期确认 advanced certified final (ACF)
最终确认 certified final (CF)
设计基础数据 basic engineering design data
数据表 data sheet
设计文件 design document
设计注释 design note
工程规定 engineering specification
设计规定汇总表 design specification summary sheet (DSSS)
资料；文件 documentation
附件 appendix
技术说明 technical specification
索引；目录 index
工程手册；设计手册 engineering manual
计算书 calculation sheet
批准用于规划布置 approved for planning (AFP)
批准用于设计 approved for design (AFD)
批准用于施工 approved for construction (AFC)
详细设计版 detail design issue (DDI)
参考、基准 reference
标准 standard (STD)
标准图 standard drawing
图 figure; drawing
草图 sketch
参考图 reference drawing
工程图 engineering drawing
竣工图 as built drawing
说明 description
待定 hold
版次 issue
修改 revision (REV)
审核提纲 check list
审定 approval
校核 check
制图 drawn
标题栏 title block
项目号 job No.
图号 drawing number (DWG No.)
会签 inter department check
工时 man-hour (M/H)
工日 man-day (M/D)
人月 man-month (M/M)
项目 project
项目经理 project manager
设计经理 design manager
状态报告 status report
安装 erection; installation
建设 construction
试车 commissioning; running-in
开车 start-up
运行中 on stream
停车 shut-down
大修 over haul
模型 model
部门 department
专业；学科 discipline
14 询价、报价及采购

14.1 询价、报价

询价 inquiry
管道询价单 piping requisition sheet
厂商报价 vendor quotation
报价书 quotation
报价 quoted price
估价 estimated price
估算 estimate
投标 bid; tender
评标 evaluation

14.2 采购 Procurement; Purchase

采购说明 purchase specification
订货单；订购单 purchasing order
采购说明汇总表 purchasing specification summary sheet (PSSS)
请购 requisitioning
交货单 delivery order (D/O)
装箱单 packing list
预制的 prefabricated
备品备件 spare parts
供应者 supplier
制造者；制造厂 manufacturer; vendor
顾客 client; customer
承包商 contraction
分包商 subcontractor
业主 owner
用户 user
包装 packing。
防锈包装 rust-proof packing
防潮湿包装 moisture-proof packing
防水包装 water-proof packing
板条箱 crate
木箱 wooden box
超尺寸运输 over-dimension cargo (ODC)
催货 expediting
检验 inspection
运输 transportation
船上交货，离岸价格 free on board (FOB)
敞车上交货 free on truck
码头交货 ex wharf; expier

15 单位 Unit
单位制 system of units
米 meter (m)
毫米 millimeter (mm)
英尺 foot (ft)
英寸 inch (in)
弧度 radian (rad)
度 degree (°)
摄氏 Celsius (C)
华氏 Fahrenheit (F)
磅／平方英寸 pounds per square inch (psi)
百万帕斯卡 million pascal (MPa)
巴 bar
千克（公斤） kilogram (kg)
克 gram (g)
牛顿 newton (N)
吨 ton (t)
千磅 kilopound (kip)
平方米 square meter (m 2)
方毫米 square millimeter (mm2 )
立方米 cubic meter (m3 )
升 liter; litre (L)
转／分 revolutions per minute (rpm)
百万分之一 parts per million (ppm)
焦（耳） Joule (J)
千瓦 kilowatt (kW)
伏（特） volt (V)
安（培） ampere (A)
欧（姆） ohm (Ω)
（小）时 hour (h)
分 minute (min)
秒 second (s)

DIN 76-2:1984
Thread run-outs and thread undercuts for pipe threads conforming to ISO 228 part 1
DIN EN 259-1:2001
Wall coverings in roll form - Heavy duty wallcoverings - Part 1: Specifications;
DIN EN 259-2:2001
Wall coverings in roll form - Heavy duty wallcoverings - Part 2: Determination of impact resistance;
DIN 431:2000
Pipe nuts with thread according to DIN ISO 228-1
DIN 906:1992
Hexagon socket pipe plugs
DIN 909:1992
Hexagon head pipe plugs
DIN 1230-P1:1992
Vitrified clay for sewerage; special fittings and adapters with flexible mechanical joint and compatible accessories; dimensions
DIN 1389:2001
WC connectors - Requirements and testing
DIN 1478:1975
Turnbuckles Made from Steel Tube or Round Steel Bar
DIN 1986-4:2003
Drainage systems on private ground - Part 4: Fields of application of sewage pipes and fittings of different materials
DIN 1988-3 Beiblatt 1:1988
Codes of practice for drinking water installations (TRWI); examples for calculation; DVGW code of practice
DIN 2406:1968
Pipelines symbols - pipe classes
DIN 2559-2:1984
Edge preparation for welding; matching of inside diameter for circumferential welds on seamless pipes
DIN 2559-3:1990
Preparation of welds; matching of inside diameters for circumferential welds on welded pipes
DIN 2559-4:1994
Preparation of welds; part 4: matching of inside diameters for circumferential welds on seamless pipes of stainless steels
DIN 2609:1991
Steel butt-welding pipe fittings; technical delivery conditions
DIN 2614:1990
Cement mortar linings for ductile iron and steel pipes and fittings; application, requirements and testing
DIN 2615-1:1992
Steel butt-welding pipes fittings; tees with reduced pressure factor
DIN 2615-2:1992
Steel butt-welding pipe fittings; tees for use at full service pressure
DIN 2616-1:1991
Steel butt-welding pipe fittings; eccentric reducers with reduced pressure factor
DIN 2616-2:1991
Steel butt-welding pipe fittings; reducers for use at full service pressure
DIN 2617:1991
Steel butt-welding pipe fittings; caps
DIN 2618:1968
Butt welding steel fittings; welding saddles, nominal pressure
DIN 2619:1968
Butt welding steel fitting; bends for welding, nominal pressure 16
DIN 2826:1994
Hose fittings with clamp unit for steam and hot water, DN 15 up to DN 50, up to 18 bar
DIN 2848:2002
Flanged steel pipes and flanged steel or cast iron fittings with lining - PN 10, PN 25 and PN 40
DIN 2856:1986
Capillary solder fittings; assembly dimensions and testing
DIN 2873:2002
Flanged fitting pipes and flanged steel glass lined - PN 10 and PN 25
DIN 2874:2002
Steel flanged pipes and steel and cast iron flanged fittings lined with PTFE or PFA - Technical specifications
DIN 2875:2002
Flanged steel pipes and flanged steel fittings with hard or soft rubber lining - Technical specifications
DIN 2876:2002
Flanged steel pipes and flanged steel fittings glass lined - Technical specifications
DIN 2950:1983
Malleable cast iron fittings
DIN 2980:1977
Screwed steel pipe fittings
DIN 2981:1982
Threaded steel pipe fitting; fittings with long screw thread
DIN 2982:1977
Screwed steel pipe fitting; parallel nipples, taper nipples
DIN 2983:1977
Screwed steel pipe fittings, bends
DIN 2986:1977
Threaded steel pipe fittings; sockets
DIN 2987-P1:1977
Threaded steel pipe fittings crosses, tees, elbows
DIN 2987-P2:1977
Threaded steel pipe fittings reducing tees and elbows
DIN 2988:1977
Reducing sockets; threaded steel pipe fittings
DIN 2990:1977
Threaded steel pipe fitting; hexagon nipple; bushings
DIN 2991:1977
Threaded steel pipe sitting; plugs, caps
DIN 2993:1977
Threaded steel pipe fittings; pipe unions
DIN 2999-2:1973
Whitworth Pipe Threads for Tubes and Fittings; Cylindrical Internal Thread and Conical External Thread, Gauging System and Use of Gauges
DIN 2999-3:1973
Whitworth Pipe Threads for Tubes and Fittings; Gauge Dimensions
DIN 2999-4:1986
Pipe threads for tubes and fittings; sizes for taper screw limit plug gauges for parallel internal thread
DIN 2999-5:1973
Whitworth Pipe Threads for Tubes and Fittings; Cylindrical Screw Limit Ring Gauges for Gauging Conical External Threads, Sizes
DIN 2999-6:1975
Whitworth Pipe Threads for Tubes and Fittings; Conical Screw Check Plugs, Sizes
DIN 3567:1963
Pipe Brackets for NW 20 to 500
DIN 3568:1977
Clamping plates for the suspension of pipes on I and IP steel beams
DIN 3570:1968
Steel Strap for Tubes of NW 20 to 500
DIN 3575:1962
Hanger straps with welding end for pipe hanging
DIN 3853:2001
Non-soldering and soldering compression fittings - Stud ends for use with union nut; Design sheet
DIN 3858:1988
Whitworth pipe threads for pipe couplings; parallel internal threads and taper external threads; thread dimensions
DIN 3861:2002
Non-soldering compression fittings - Compression rings - Design
DIN 3867:2003
Non-soldering compression couplings - Pressure bush for butt joints
DIN 3870:2001
Non-soldering and soldering compression fittings - Union nuts series LL
DIN 3871:1995
Non-soldering and soldering compression couplings - Socket unions
DIN 3872:2003
Non-soldering compression couplings - Union nuts for butt joints
DIN 3904:1987
Olive type compression couplings; male stud elbows
DIN 3907:1987
Olive type compression couplings; male stud tees (stud branch)
DIN 3908:1984
Solderless compression couplings with olive equal
DIN 3911:1984
Solderless compression couplings with olive elbow
DIN 3914:1987
Olive type compression couplings; male stud tees (stud run)
DIN 3942:2002
Non-soldered compression fittings - Swivel elbows with 24ü cone connectors with O-ring - Adjustable, for design and type of compression end according to DIN EN ISO 8434-1
DIN 3943:2002
Non-soldered compression fittings - Swivel branch tees with 24ü cone connectors with O-ring - Adjustable, for design and type of compression end according to DIN EN ISO 8434-1
DIN 3944:2002
Non-soldered compression fittings - L-adaptors with 24ü cone connectors and O-ring - Adjustable, for design and type of compression end according to DIN EN ISO 8434-1
DIN 3945:2002
Non-soldered compression fittings - Straight stud swivel adaptor with 24ü cone connectors with O-ring - For design and type of compression end according to DIN EN ISO 8434-1
DIN 3952:1984
Solderless compression couplings with olive male, stud elbow assemblies
DIN 3953:1984
Solderless compression couplings with olive male, stud tee ( stud branch) assemblies
DIN 3954:1984
Solderless compression couplings with olive male, stud tee (stud run) assemblies
DIN 4032:1981
Concrete pipes and fitting; dimensions, technical conditions of delivery
DIN 4060:1998
Joints of sewer and drain pipes with elastomeric seals - Requirements and testing on joints with elastomeric seals
DIN 4922-2:1981
Steel Filter Pipes for Drilled Wells with Screwed Connection DN 100 to DN 500
DIN 4941:1965
Screw threads for drill pipes for seamless drill pipes for water and rock drillings according to the percussion drilling and core drilling method
DIN 7340:1993
Tubular rivets cut from the tube
DIN 7591:1981
Water fittings for domestic installation; Screwed unions with flat gasket for hose connection on either side, designed for nominal pressure 10
DIN 7593:1981
Water fittings for domestic installation; Screwed unions with gasket for connection to copper tube on either side, designed for nominal pressure 10
DIN 7632:1985
Compression couplings with spherical liner; reducers
DIN 7639:1985
Compression couplings with spherical liner; equal tees
DIN 8063-1:1986
Pipe joint assemblies and fittings for unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (U-PVC) pressure pipelines; dimensions of socket bends
DIN 8063-2:1980
Pipe Joints and Pipe Fittings for Pipes under Pressure made of Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride (Rigid PVC); Bends Made by Injection Moulding for Bonding; Dimensions
DIN 8063-3:2002
Pipe joints and components of unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC U) for pipes under pressure - Part 3: Unions; Dimensions
DIN 8063-4:1983
Pipe joint assemblies and fittings for unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC-U) pressure pipes; bushings, flanges, seals; dimensions
DIN 8063-5:1999
Pipe joints components of unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-U) for pipes under pressure - Part 5: General quality requirements, testing
DIN 8063-6:2002
Pipe joints and components of unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC U) for pipes under pressure - Part 6: Injection-moulded elbows for solvent cementing; Dimensions
DIN 8063-7:1980
Pipe joints and their elements of unplasticized polyvinylchloride (unplasticized PVC) under pressure; tees and branches of injection moulded for cold welding, dimensions
DIN 8063-8:2002
Pipe joints and components of unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC U) for pipes under pressure - Part 8: Injection-moulded sockets, caps and nipples for solvent cementing; Dimensions
DIN 8063-9:1980
Pipe joints and their elements for pipes of unplasticized polyvinylchloride (unplasticized PVC) under pressure; sockets reducing of injection moulded for cold welding, dimensions
DIN 8063-10:2002
Pipe joints and components of unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC U) for pipes under pressure - Part 10: Wall bracket elbows; Dimensions
DIN 8063-11:1980
Pipe Joints and Pipe Fittings for Pipes under Pressure made of Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride (Rigid PVC); Sockets with Primary Element of Copper-Zinc-Alloy (Brass) for Bonding; Dimensions
DIN 8063-12:1987
Pipe joint assemblies and fittings of unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (U-PVC) pressure pipelines; dimensions of flanged and socket fittings
DIN 8975-P9:1983
Refrigeration plants; safety principles for design, equipment and installation, flexible pipe elements in the refrigerant circuit
DIN 8076-1:1984
Thermoplastics pressure pipelines; metal compression fittings for polyethylene (PE) pipes; general quality requirements; testing
DIN 8076-3:1994
Pressure pipelines made from thermoplastics materials - Part 3: Plastic joints for PE pipes; general quality requirements, testing
DIN 8906:1990
PN 40 flared flange solderless compression couplings for use in refrigerating systems
DIN 8912:1990
Coupling nuts and screwed plugs for use with PN 40 flared flange solderless compression couplings in refrigerating systems
DIN 8914:1990
90ü tapered seal rings and caps for use with PN 40 flared flange solderless compression couplings in refrigerating systems
DIN 16450:1994
Socket-fittings for pressure piping of unplasticized polyvinylchloride (PVC-U); symbols
DIN 16451-P1:1994
Ductile iron (GGG) fittings for use with unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC-U) pressure pipes - technical delivery conditions
DIN 16867:1982
Glass fibre reinforced polyester resin (UP-GF) pipes, fittings and joints for use in chemical pipelines; Technical delivery conditions
DIN 16961-1:2000
Pipes and fittings of thermoplastic materials with profiled wall and smooth pipe inside - Part 1: Dimensions
DIN 16961-2:2000
Pipes and fittings of thermoplastics materials with profiled wall and smooth pipe inside - Part 2: Technical delivery specifications
DIN 16967-2:1982
Glass fibre reinforced epoxy resin (EP-GF) pipe fittings and joints; Elbows, Tees, Dimensions
DIN 16928:1979
Pipes of Thermoplastic Materials; Pipe Joints, Elements for Pipes, Laying; General Directions
DIN 16962-1:1980
Pipe Joints and Elements for Polypropylene (PP) Pressure Pipelines, Types 1 and 2; Bends of Segmental Construction for Butt-welding, Dimensions
DIN 16962-2:1983
Pipe joint assemblies and fittings for types 1 and 2 polypropylene (PP) pressure pipes; tees and branches produced by segment inserts and necking for butt welding; dimensions
DIN 16962-3:1980
Pipe Joints and Elements for Polypropylene (PP) Pressure Pipelines, Types 1 and 2; Bends Formed from Pipe for Butt-welding, Dimensions
DIN 16962-4:1988
Pipe joint assemblies and fittings for types 1 and 2 polypropylene (PP) pressure pipes; adaptors for fusion jointing, flanges and sealing elements; dimensions
DIN 16962-5:2000
Pipe joints and components of polypropylene (PP) for pipes under pressure, PP-H 100, PP-B 80 and PP-R 80 - Part 5: General quality requirements, testing
DIN 16962-6:1980
Pipe Joints and Elements for Polypropylene (PP) Pressure Pipelines, Types 1 and 2; Injection Moulded Elbows for Socket-welding, Dimensions
DIN 16962-7:1980
Pipe Joints and Elements for Polypropylene (PP) Pressure Pipelines, Types 1 and 2; Injection Moulded Tee Pieces for Socket-welding, Dimensions
DIN 16962-8:1980
Pipe Joints and Elements for Polypropylene (PP) Pressure Pipelines, Types 1 and 2; Injection Moulded Sockets and Caps for Socket-welding, Dimensions
DIN 16962-9:1983
Pipe joint assemblies and fittings for types 1 and 2 polypropylene (PP) pressure pipes; injection moulded reducers and nipples for socket welding; dimensions
DIN 16962-10:1989
Pipe joint assemblies and fittings for types 1 to 3 polypropylene (PP) pressure pipes; injection-moulded fittings for butt welding; dimensions
DIN 16962-11:1980
Pipe Joints and Elements for Polypropylene (PP) Pressure Pipelines, Types 1 and 2; Turned and Pressed Reducing Sockets for Butt-welding,
DIN 16962-12:1999
Pipe joints and components of polypropylene (PP) for pipes under pressure, PP-H 100, PP-B 80 and PP-R 80 - Part 12: Flange adapters, flanges, sealing rings for socket welding; dimensions
DIN 16962-13:1987
Pipe joint assemblies and fittings for type 1 and type 2 polypropylene (PP) pressure pipes; pipe couplings; dimensions
DIN 16963-1:1980
Pipe Joints and Elements for High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Pressure Pipelines, Types 1 and 2; Pipe Bends of Segmental Construction for Butt-welding, Dimensions
DIN 16963-2:1983
Pipe joint assemblies and fittings for types 1 and 2 high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pressure pipes; tees and branches produced by segment inserts and necking for butt welding; dimensions
DIN 16963-3:1980
Pipe Joints and Elements for High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Pressure Pipelines, Types 1 and 2; Pipe Bends for Butt-welding, Dimensions
DIN 16963-4:1988
Pipe joint assemblies and fittings for high-density polyethylene (PE-HD) pressure pipes; adaptors for fusion jointing, flanges and sealing elements; dimensions
DIN 16963-5:1999
Pipe joints and components of polyethylene (PE) for pipes under pressure, PE 80 and PE 100 - Part 5: General quality requirements, testing
DIN 16963-6:1989
Pipe joint assemblies and fittings for high-density polyethylene (PE-HD) pressure pipes; injection-moulded fittings for butt welding; dimensions
DIN 16963-7:1989
Pipe joint assemblies and fittings for high-density polyethylene (PE-HD) pressure pipes; fittings for resistance welding; dimensions
DIN 16963-8:1980
Pipe Joints and Elements for High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Pressure Pipelines, Types 1 and 2; Injection Moulded Elbows for Socket-welding, Dimensions
DIN 16963-9:1980
Pipe Joints and Elements for High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Pressure Pipelines, Types 1 and 2; Injection Moulded Tee Pieces for Socket-welding, Dimensions
DIN 16963-10:1980
Pipe Joints and Elements for High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Pressure Pipelines, Types 1 and 2; Injection Moulded Sockets and Caps for Socket-welding, Dimensions
DIN 16963-11:1999
Pipe joints and components of polyethylene (PE) for pipes under pressure, PE 80 and PE 100 - Part 11: Flange adapters, flanges, sealing rings for socket welding; dimensions
DIN 16963-13:1980
Pipe Joints and Elements for High Pressure Polyethylene (HDPE) Pressure Pipelines, Types 1 and 2; Turned and Pressed Reducing Sockets for Butt-welding, Dimensions
DIN 16963-14:1983
Pipe joint assemblies and fittings for types 1 and 2 high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pressure pipes; injection moulded reducers and nipples for socket welding; dimensions
DIN 16963-15:1987
Pipe joint assemblies and fittings for high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pressure pipes; pipe couplings; dimensions
DIN 16966-1:1988
Glass fibre reinforced polyester resin (UP-GF) pipe fittings and joint assemblies; fittings; general quality requirements and testing
DIN 16966-2:1982
Glass fibre reinforced polyester resin (UP-GF) pipe fittings and joints; Elbows, Dimensions
DIN 16966-4:1982
Glass fibre reinforced polyester resin (UP-GF) pipe fittings an joints; Tees, Nozzles, Dimensions
DIN 16966-5:1982
Glass fibre reinforced polyester resin (UP-GF) pipe fittings and joints; Reducers, Dimensions
DIN 16966-6:1982
Glass fibre reinforced polyester resin (UP-GF) pipe fittings and joint assemblies; collars, flanges, joint rings, dimensions
DIN 16966-7:1995
Pipe joints and their elements of glass fibre reinforced polyester resins - Part 7: Bushings, flanges, flanged and butt joints; general quality requirements and test methods
DIN 16966-8:1982
Glass fibre reinforced polyester resin (UP-GF) pipe fittings and joints; Laminated joints; Dimensions
DIN 16970:1970
Adhesives for Bonding Pipes and Pipe System Elements of Rigid PVC; General Quality Requirements and Testings
DIN 19522:2000
Cast iron drainage pipes and fittings without sockets (SML)
DIN 19530-P1:1983
Steel socket pipes and fittings for sewers; dimensions
DIN 19530-P2:1983
Steel socket pipes and fittings for sewers; technical delivery conditions
DIN 19531-10:1999
Pipes and fittings made of unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC-U) socket for waste and soil discharge systems inside buildings - Part 10: Fire behaviour, quality control and installation recommendations
DIN 19532:1979
Pipelines of unplasticized plyvinyl chloride (rigid PVS, PVC-U) for drinking water supply; pipes, pipe joints, pipeline parts
DIN 19535-10:2000
High-density polyethylene (PE-HD) pipes and fittings for hot-water resistant waste and soil discharge systems (HT) inside buildings - Part 10: Fire behaviour, quality control and installation recommendations
DIN 19537-1:1983
High density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes and fittings for drains and sewers; dimensions
DIN 19537-2:1988
High-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes and fittings for drains and sewers; technical delivery conditions
DIN 19538-10:1999
Pipes and fittings made of chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (PVC-C) for hot-water resistant waste and soil discharge systems inside buildings - Part 10: Fire behaviour, quality control and installation recommendations
DIN 19559-1:1983
Measurement of flow of waste water in open channels and gravity conduits; general information
DIN 19565-1:1989
Centrifugally cast and filled polyester resin glass fibre reinforced (UP-GF) pipes and fittings for buried drains and sewers; dimensions and technical delivery conditions
DIN 19800-P1:1973
Asbestos cement pipes and fittings for pressure pipelines; pipes, dimensions
DIN 19850-1:1996
Fibre cement pipes and fittings for sewers - Part 1: Dimensions of pipes, branches and bends
DIN 19850-2:1996
Fibre cement pipes and fittings for sewers - Part 2: Dimensions of joints
DIN 24147 P1:1998
Fittings for use in air distribution systems; overview and dimensions
DIN 28065:1993
Glass lined apparatus and pipe equipment; thermal shock resistance
DIN 28187:1991
Tubular heat exchangers; connections tube to tube sheet
DIN 28600:1983
Ductile iron pressure pipes & fittings for Gas and Water pipelines
DIN 28603:2002
Ductile iron pipes and fittings - Push-in joints - Survey, sockets and gaskets
DIN 28624:1990
Ductile iron collars for use with gas and water pipes dimensions and mass
DIN 28631:1996
Ductile iron castings for gas and water pressure pipelines; MI-fittings, socketed spigots with plane end branch; application dimensions and masses
DIN 28633:1996
Ductile iron castings for gas and water pressure pipelines; IT-fitting; all plane end tees; application, dimensions and masses
DIN 28645:1990
Ductile iron double-flanged tapers for use with gas and water pipes dimensions and mass
DIN 30670:1991
Polyethylen coatings of steel pipes and fittings - Requirements and testing
DIN 52613:1977
Thermal Insulation Testings; Determination of Thermal Conductivity by the Tube Method
DIN 53769-1:1988
Testing of glass fibre reinforced plastics pipes; determination of the longitudinal shear strength of type B pipe fittings
DIN 53769-2:1986
Testing of glass fibre reinforced plastics pipes; long-term hydrostatic pressure test
DIN 53769-3:1988
Testing of glass fibre reinforced plastics pipes; determination of initial and long-term ring stiffness
DIN 53769-6:1989
Testing of glass fibre reinforced plastics pipes; Testing of pipes and fittings under pulsating internal pressure
DIN 86041-1:1996
Welding Flanges - Part 1: Tanks and sea boxes, nominal pressure 10 and 16
DIN 86041-2:1996
Welding flanges - Part 2: Outboard connections, nominal pressure 10, 16, 40
DIN 86086:1996
Fittings for butt welding into copper-nickel-alloy pipelines - Technical specifications
DIN 86288:1989
Pipework on ships and marine structures; socketed steel pipes and fittings; fittings for use in shipbuilding
DIN EN 253:2003
District heating pipes - Preinsulated bonded pipe systems for directly buried hot water networks - Pipe assembly of steel service pipe, polyurethane thermal insulation and outer casing of polyethylene;
DIN EN 295-1:1999
Vitrified clay pipes and fittings and pipe joints for drains and sewers - Part 1: Requirements
DIN EN 295-2:1999
Vitrified clay pipes and fittings and pipe joints for drains and sewers - Part 2: Quality control and sampling
DIN EN 295-3:1999
Vitrified clay pipes and fittings and pipe joints for drains and sewers - Part 3: Test methods
DIN EN 295-4:1995
Vitrified clay pipes and fittings and pipe joints for drains and sewers - Part 4: Requirements for special fittings, adapters and compatible accessories
DIN EN 295-5:1999
Vitrified clay pipes and fittings and pipe joints for drains and sewers - Part 5: Requirements for perforated vitrified clay pipes and fittings
DIN EN 295-6:1995
Vitrified clay pipes and fittings and pipe joints for drains and sewers - Part 6: Requirements for vitrified clay manholes
DIN EN 295-7:1995
Vitrified clay pipes and fittings and pipe joints for drains and sewers - Part 7: Requirements for vitrified clay pipes and joints for pipe jacking
DIN EN 448:2003
District heating pipes - Preinsulated bonded pipe systems for directly buried hot water networks - Fitting assemblies of steel service pipes, polyurethane thermal insulation and outer casing of polyethylene
DIN EN 476:1997
General requirements for components used in discharge pipes, drains and sewers for gravity systems;
DIN EN 489:2003
District heating pipes - Preinsulated bonded pipe systems for directly buried hot water networks - Joint assembly for steel service pipes, polyurethane thermal insulation and outer casing of polyethylene;
DIN EN 545:2002
Ductile iron pipes, fittings, accessories and their joints for water pipelines - Requirements and test methods;
DIN EN 578:1993
Plastics piping systems; plastics pipes and fittings; determination of the opacity
DIN EN 588-1:1996
Fibre-cement pipes for sewers and drains - Part 1: Pipes, joints and fittings for gravity systems;
DIN EN 588-2:2002
Fibre cement pipes for drains and sewers - Part 2: Manholes and inspection chambers
DIN EN 598:1994
Ductile iron pipes, fittings, accessories and their joints for sewerage application - Requirements and test methods
DIN EN 607:2004
Eaves gutters and fittings made of PVC-U - Definitions, requirements and testing;
DIN EN 639:1994
Common requirements for concrete pressure pipes, including joints and fittings;
DIN EN 640:1994
Reinforced concrete pressure pipes and distributed reinforcement concrete pressure pipes (non-cylinder type), including joints and fittings
DIN EN 641:1994
Reinforced concrete pressure pipes, cylinder type, including joints and fittings
DIN EN 642:1994
Prestressed concrete pressure pipes, cylinder and non-cylinder, including joints, fittings and specific requirement for prestressing steel for pipes
DIN EN 681-1:2003
Elastomeric seals - Materials requirements for pipe joint seals used in water and drainage applications - Part 1: Vulcanized rubber;
DIN EN 705:1994
Plastics piping systems - Glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes and fittings - Methods for regression analyses and their use
DIN EN 713:1994
Plastics piping systems; mechanical joints between fittings and polyolefin pressure pipes; test method for leaktightness under internal pressure of assemblies subjected to bending
DIN EN 714:1994
Thermoplastics piping systems - Non-end-load-bearing elastomeric sealing ring type joints between pressure pipes and moulded fittings - Test method for leaktightness under internal hydrostatic pressure whithout end thrust
DIN EN 715:1994
Thermoplastics piping systems; end-load bearing joints between small diameter pressure pipes and fittings; test method for leaktightness under internal water pressure, including end thrust
DIN EN 723:1996
Copper and copper alloys - Combustion method for determination of carbon on the inner surface of copper tubes or fittings;
DIN EN 727:1995
Plastics piping and ducting systems - Thermoplastics pipes and fittings - Determination of Vicat softening temperature (VST);
DIN EN 728:1997
Plastics piping and ducting systems - Polyolefin pipes and fittings - Determination of oxidation induction time
DIN EN 754-1:1997
Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Cold drawn rod/bar and tube - Part 1: Technical conditions for inspection and delivery;
DIN EN 754-2:1997
Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Cold drawn rod/bar and tube - Part 2: Mechanical properties;
DIN EN 754-3:1996
Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Cold drawn rod/bar and tube - Part 3: Round bars, tolerances on dimensions and form;
DIN EN 754-4:1996
Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Cold drawn rod/bar and tube - Part 4: Square bars, tolerances on dimensions and form;
DIN EN 754-5:1996
Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Cold drawn rod/bar and tube - Part 5: Rectangular bars, tolerances on dimensions and form;
DIN EN 754-6:1996
Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Cold drawn rod/bar and tube - Part 6: Hexagonal bars; tolerances on dimensions and form;
DIN EN 754-7:1998
Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Cold drawn rod/bar and tube - Part 7: Seamless tubes, tolerances on dimensions and form;
DIN EN 754-8:1998
Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Cold drawn rod/bar and tube - Part 8: Porthole tubes, tolerances on dimensions and form;
DIN EN 755-1:1997
Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Extruded rod/bar, tube and profiles - Part 1: Technical conditions for inspection and delivery
DIN EN 755-2:1997
Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Extruded rod/bar, tube and profiles - Part 2: Mechanical properties;
DIN EN 755-3:1995
Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Extruded rod/bar, tube and profile - Part 3: Round bars; tolerances on dimensions and form;
DIN EN 755-4:1995
Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Extruded rod/bar, tube and profiles - Part 4: Square bars, tolerances on dimensions and form;
DIN EN 755-5:1995
Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Extruded rod/bar, tube and profiles - Part 5: Rectangular bars, tolerances on dimensions and form;
DIN EN 755-6:1995
Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Extruded rod/bar, tube and profiles - Part 6: Hexagonal bars, tolerances on dimensions and form;
DIN EN 763:1994
Plastics piping and ducting systems - Injection-moulded thermoplastics fittings - Test method for visually assessing effects of heating;
DIN EN 802:1994
Plastics piping and ducting systems - Injection-moulded thermoplastics fittings for pressure piping systems - Test method for maximum deformation by crushing;
DIN EN 803:1994
Plastics piping systems - Injection-moulded thermoplastics fittings for elastic sealing ring type joints for pressure piping - Test method for resistance to a short-term internal pressure without end thrust
DIN EN 804:1994
Plastics piping systems - Injection-moulded socket fittings for solvent-cemented joints for pressure piping - Test method for resistance to a short-term internal hydrostatic pressure;
DIN EN 911:1995
Plastics piping systems - Elastomeric sealing ring type joints and mechanical joints for thermoplastics pressure piping - Test method for leaktightness under external hydrostatic pressure;
DIN EN 922:1995
Plastics piping and ducting systems - Pipes and fittings of unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-U) - Specimen preparation for determination of the viscosity number and calculation of the K-value;
DIN EN 969:1995
Ductile iron pipes, fittings, accessories and their joints for gas pipelines - Requirements and test methods;
DIN EN 1119:1996
Plastics piping systems - Joints for glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes and fittings - Test methods for leaktightness and resistance to damage of flexible and reduced articulation joints;
DIN EN 1120:1996
Plastics piping systems - Glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes and fittings - Determination of the resistance to chemical attack from the inside of a section in a deflected condition;
DIN EN 1229:1996
Plastics piping systems - Glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes and fittings - Test methods to prove the leaktightness of the wall under short-term internal pressure;
DIN EN 1277:2004
Plastics piping systems - Thermoplastics piping systems for buried non-pressure applications - Test methods for leaktightness of elastomeric sealing ring type joints;
DIN EN 1716:1997
Plastics piping systems - Polyethylene (PE) tapping tees - Test method for impact resistance of an asssembled tapping tee;
DIN EN 10233:1994
Metallic materials; tube; flattening test
DIN EN 10234:1994
Metallic materials; tube; drift expanding test
DIN EN 10242:1995
Threaded pipe fittings in malleable cast iron;

(a) pressure-temperature ratings,
(b) sizes and method of designating openings of reducing fittings,
(c) marking,
(d) minimum requirements for materials,
(e) dimensions and tolerances,
(f) bolt, nut, and gasket dimensions and
(g) tests.
ASME/ANSI B16.3 - 1998 - Malleable Iron Threaded Fittings
This Standard for threaded malleable iron fittings Classes 150, and 300 provides requirements for the following:

(a) pressure-temperature ratings
(b) size and method of designating openings of reducing fittings
(c) marking
(d) materials
(e) dimensions and tolerances
(f) threading
(g) coatings
ASME/ANSI B16.4 - 1998 - Cast Iron Threaded Fittings
This Standard for gray iron threaded fittings, Classes 125 and 250 covers:

(a) pressure-temperature ratings
(b) size and method of designating openings of reducing fittings
(c) marking
(d) material
(e) dimensions and tolerances
(f) threading, and
(g) coatings
ASME/ANSI B16.5 - 1996 - Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
The ASME B16.5 - 1996 Pipe Flanges and Flange Fittings standard covers pressure-temperature ratings, materials, dimensions, tolerances, marking, testing, and methods of designating openings for pipe flanges and flanged fittings.

The standard includes flanges with rating class designations 150, 300, 400, 600, 900, 1500, and 2500 in sizes NPS 1/2 through NPS 24, with requirements given in both metric and U.S units. The Standard is limited to flanges and flanged fittings made from cast or forged materials, and blind flanges and certain reducing flanges made from cast, forged, or plate materials. Also included in this Standard are requirements and recommendations regarding flange bolting, flange gaskets, and flange joints.

ASME/ANSI B16.9 - 2001 - Factory-Made Wrought Steel Buttwelding Fittings
This Standard covers overall dimensions, tolerances, ratings, testing, and markings for wrought factory-made buttwelding fittings in sizes NPS 1/2 through 48 (DN 15 through 1200).

ASME/ANSI B16.10 - 2000 - Face-to-Face and End-to-End Dimensions of Valves
This Standard covers face-to-face and end-to-end dimensions of straightway valves, and center-to face and center-to-end dimensions of angle valves. Its purpose is to assure installation interchangeability for valves of a given material, type size, rating class, and end connection

ASME/ANSI B16.11 - 2001 - Forged Steel Fittings, Socket-Welding and Threaded
This Standard covers ratings, dimensions, tolerances, marking and material requirements for forged fittings, both socket-welding and threaded.

ASME/ANSI B16.12 - 1998 - Cast Iron Threaded Drainage Fittings
This Standard for cast iron threaded drainage fittings covers:

(a) size and method of designating openings in reducing fittings
(b) marking
(c) materials
(d) dimensions and tolerances
(e) threading
(f) ribs
(g) coatings
(h) face bevel discharge nozzles, input shafts, base plates, and foundation bolt holes (see Tables 1 and 2).
ASME/ANSI B16.14 - 1991 - Ferrous Pipe Plugs, Bushings and Locknuts with Pipe Threads
This Standard for Ferrous Pipe Plugs, Bushings, and Locknuts with Pipe Threads covers:

(a) pressure-temperature ratings:
(b) size;
(c) marking;
(d) materials;
(e) dimensions and tolerances;
(f) threading; and
(g) pattern taper.
ASME/ANSI B16.15 - 1985 (R1994) - Cast Bronze Threaded Fittings
This Standard pertains primarily to cast Class 125and Class 250 bronze threaded pipe fittings. Certain requirements also pertain to wrought or cast plugs, bushings, couplings, and caps. This Standard covers:

(a) pressure-temperature ratings;
(b) size and method of designating openings of reducing pipe fittings;
(c) marking;
(d) minimum requirements for casting quality and materials;
(e) dimensions and tolerances in U.S. customary and metric (SI) units;
(f) threading.
ASME/ANSI B16.18 - 1984 (R1994) - Cast Copper Alloy Solder Joint Pressure Fittings
This Standard for cast copper alloy solder joint pressure fittings designed for use with copper water tube, establishes requirements for:

(a) Pressure-temperature ratings;
(b) Abbreviations for end connections;
(c) Sizes and method of designating openings of fittings;
(d) Marking;
(e) Material;
(f) Dimensions and tolerances; and
(g) Tests.
ASME/ANSI B16.20 - 1998 - Metallic Gaskets for Pipe Flanges-Ring-Joint, Spiral-Would, and Jacketed
This standard covers materials, dimensions, tolerances, and markings for metal ring-joint gaskets, spiral-wound metal gaskets, and metal jacketed gaskets and filler material. These gaskets are dimensionally suitable for used with flanges described in the reference flange standards ASME/ANSI B16.5, ASME B16.47, and API-6A. This standard covers spiral-wound metal gaskets and metal jacketed gaskets for use with raised face and flat face flanges. Replaces API-601 or API-601.

ASME/ANSI B16.21 - 1992 - Nonmetallic Flat Gaskets for Pipe Flanges
This Standard for nonmetallic flat gaskets for bolted flanged joints in piping includes:

(a) types and sizes;
(b) materials;
(c) dimensions and allowable tolerances.
ASME/ANSI B16.22 - 1995 - Wrought Copper and Copper Alloy Solder Joint Pressure Fittings
The Standard establishes specifications for wrought copper and wrought copper alloy, solder-joint, seamless fittings, designed for use with seamless copper tube conforming to ASTM B 88 (water and general plumbing systems), B 280 (air conditioning and refrigeration service), and B 819 (medical gas systems), as well as fittings intended to be assembled with soldering materials conforming to ASTM B 32, brazing materials conforming to AWS A5.8, or with tapered pipe thread conforming to ASME B1.20.1. This Standard is allied with ASME B16.18, which covers cast copper alloy pressure fittings. It provides requirements for fitting ends suitable for soldering. This Standard covers:

(a) pressure temperature ratings;
(b) abbreviations for end connections;
(c) size and method of designating openings of fittings;
(d) marking;
(e) material;
(f) dimension and tolerances; and
(g) tests.
ASME/ANSI B16.23 - 1992 - Cast Copper Alloy Solder Joint Drainage Fittings (DWV)
The Standard establishes specifications for cast copper alloy solder joint drainage fittings, designed for use in drain, waste, and vent (DWV) systems. These fittings are designed for use with seamless copper tube conforming to ASTM B 306, Copper Drainage Tube (DWV), as well as fittings intended to be assembled with soldering materials conforming to ASTM B 32, or tapered pipe thread conforming to ASME B1.20.1. This standard is allied with ASME B16.29, Wrought Copper and Wrought Copper Alloy Solder Joint Drainage Fittings - DWV. It provides requirements for fitting ends suitable for soldering. This standard covers:

(a) description;
(b) pitch (slope);
(c) abbreviations for end connections;
(d) sizes and methods for designing openings for reducing fittings;
(e) marking;
(f) material; and
(g) dimensions and tolerances.
ASME/ANSI B16.24 - 1991 (R1998) - Cast Copper Alloy Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
This Standard for Classes 25, 125, 250, and 800 Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings covers:

(a) pressure temperature ratings,
(b) sizes and methods of designating openings for reduced fittings,
(c) marking,
(d) minimum requirements for materials,
(e) dimensions and tolerances,
(f) bolt, nut, and gasket dimensions, and
(g) tests.
ASME/ANSI B16.25 - 1997 - Buttwelding Ends
The Standard covers the preparation of butt welding ends of piping components to be joined into a piping system by welding. It includes requirements for welding bevels, for external and internal shaping of heavy-wall components, and for preparation of internal ends (including dimensions and tolerances). Coverage includes preparation for joints with the following.
(a) no backing rings;
(b) split or non continuous backing rings;
(c) solid or continuous backing rings;
(d) consumable insert rings;
(e) gas tungsten are welding (GTAW) of the root pass. Details of preparation for any backing ring must be specified in ordering the component.
ASME/ANSI B16.26 - 1988 - Cast Copper Alloy Fittings for Flared Copper Tubes
This standard for Cast Copper Alloy Fitting for Flared Copper Tubes covers:

(a) pressure rating;
(b) material;
(c) size;
(d) threading;
(e) marking.
ASME/ANSI B16.28 - 1994 - Wrought Steel Buttwelding Short Radius Elbows and Returns
This Standard covers ratings, overall dimensions, testing, tolerances, and markings for wrought carbon and alloy steel buttwelding short radius elbows and returns. The term wrought denotes fittings made of pipe, tubing, plate, or forgings.

ASME/ANSI B16.29 - 1994 - Wrought Copper and Wrought Copper Alloy Solder Joint Drainage Fittings (DWV)
The standard for wrought copper and wrought copper alloy solder joint drainage fittings, designed for use with copper drainage tube, covers:

(a) Description,
(b) Pitch (slope),
(c) Abbreviations for End Connections,
(d) Sizes and Method of Designating Openings for Reducing Fittings,
(e) Marking,
(f) Material,
(g) Dimensions and Tolerances.
ASME/ANSI B16.33 - 1990 - Manually Operated Metallic Gas Valves for Use in Gas Piping Systems Up to 125 psig
General This Standard covers requirements for manually operated metallic valves sizes NPS 1.2 through NPS 2, for outdoor installation as gas shut-off valves at the end of the gas service line and before the gas regulator and meter where the designated gauge pressure of the gas piping system does not exceed 125 psi (8.6 bar). The Standard applies to valves operated in a temperature environment between .20 degrees F and 150 degrees F (.29 degrees C and 66 degrees C). Design This Standard sets forth the minimum capabilities, characteristics, and properties, which a valve at the time of manufacture must possess, in order to be considered suitable for use in gas piping systems.

ASME/ANSI B16.34 - 1996 - Valves - Flanged, Threaded, and Welding End
This standard applies to new valve construction and covers pressure-temperature ratings, dimensions, tolerances, materials, nondestructive examination requirements, testing, and marking for cast, forged, and fabricated flanged, threaded, and welding end, and wafer or flangeless valves of steel, nickel-base alloys, and other alloys shown in Table 1. Wafer or flangeless valves, bolted or through-bolt types, that are installed between flanges or against a flange shall be treated as flanged end valves.

ASME/ANSI B16.36 - 1996 - Orifice Flanges
This Standard covers flanges (similar to those covered in ASME B16.5) that have orifice pressure differential connections. Coverage is limited to the following:

(a) welding neck flanges Classes 300, 400, 600, 900, 1500, and 2500
(b) slip-on and threaded Class 300
Orifice, Nozzle and Venturi Flow Rate Meters
ASME/ANSI B16.38 - 1985 (R1994) - Large Metallic Valves for Gas Distribution
The standard covers only manually operated metallic valves in nominal pipe sizes 2 1/2 through 12 having the inlet and outlet on a common center line, which are suitable for controlling the flow of gas from open to fully closed, for use in distribution and service lines where the maximum gage pressure at which such distribution piping systems may be operated in accordance with the code of federal regulations (cfr), title 49, part 192, transportation of natural and other gas by pipeline; minimum safety standard, does not exceed 125 psi (8.6 bar). Valve seats, seals and stem packing may be nonmetallic.

ASME/ANSI B16.39 - 1986 (R1998) - Malleable Iron Threaded Pipe Unions
This Standard for threaded malleable iron unions, classes 150, 250, and 300, provides requirements for the following:

(a) design
(b) pressure-temperature ratings
(c) size
(d) marking
(e) materials
(f) joints and seats
(g) threads
(h) hydrostatic strength
(i) tensile strength
(j) air pressure test
(k) sampling
(l) coatings
(m) dimensions
ASME/ANSI B16.40 - 1985 (R1994) - Manually Operated Thermoplastic Gas
The Standard covers manually operated thermoplastic valves in nominal sizes 1.2 through 6 (as shown in Table 5). These valves are suitable for use below ground in thermoplastic distribution mains and service lines. The maximum pressure at which such distribution piping systems may be operated is in accordance with the Code of Federal Regulation (CFR) Title 49, Part 192, Transportation of Natural and Other Gas by Pipeline; Minimum Safety Standards, for temperature ranges of .20 deg. F to 100 deg. F (.29 deg. C to 38 deg. C). This Standard sets qualification requirements for each nominal valve size for each valve design as a necessary condition for demonstrating conformance to this Standard. This Standard sets requirements for newly manufactured valves for use in below ground piping systems for natural gas [includes synthetic natural gas (SNG)], and liquefied petroleum (LP) gases (distributed as a vapor, with or without the admixture of air) or mixtures thereof.

ASME/ANSI B16.42 - 1998 - Ductile Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings, Classes 150 and 300
The Standard covers minimum requirements for Class 150 and 300 cast ductile iron pipe flanges and flanged fittings. The requirements covered are as follows:

(a) pressure-temperature ratings
(b) sizes and method of designating openings
(c) marking
(d) materials
(e) dimensions and tolerances
(f) blots, nuts, and gaskets
(g) tests
ASME/ANSIB16.44 - 1995 - Manually Operated Metallic Gas Valves for Use in House Piping Systems
This Standard applies to new valve construction and covers quarter turn manually operated metallic valves in sizes NPS 1/2-2 which are intended for indoor installation as gas shutoff valves when installed in indoor gas piping between a gas meter outlet & the inlet connection to a gas appliance.

ASME/ANSI B16.45 - 1998 - Cast Iron Fittings for Solvent Drainage Systems
The Standard for cast iron drainage fittings used on self-aerating, one-pipe Solvent drainage systems, covers the following:

(a) description
(b) sizes and methods for designating openings for reducing fittings
(c) marking
(d) material
(e) pitch
(f) design
(g) dimensions and tolerances
(h) tests
ASME/ANSI B16.47 - 1996 - Large Diameter Steel Flanges: NPS 26 through NPS 60
This Standard covers pressure-temperature ratings, materials, dimensions, tolerances, marking, and testing for pipe flanges in sizes NPS 26 through NPS 60 and in ratings Classes 75, 150,0300, 400, 600, and 900. Flanges may be cast, forged, or plate (for blind flanges only) materials. Requirements and recommendations regarding bolting and gaskets are also included.

ASME/ANSI B16.48 - 1997 - Steel Line Blanks
The Standard covers pressure-temperature ratings, materials, dimensions, tolerances, marking, and testing for operating line blanks in sizes NPS 1/2 through NPS 24 for installation between ASME B16. 5 flanges in the 150, 300, 600, 900, 1500, and 2500 pressure classes.

ASME/ANSI B16.49 - 2000 - Factory-Made Wrought Steel Buttwelding Induction Bends for Transportation and Distribution Systems
This Standard covers design, material, manufacturing, testing, marking, and inspection requirements for factory-made pipeline bends of carbon steel materials having controlled chemistry and mechanical properties, produced by the induction bending process, with or without tangents. This Standard covers induction bends for transportation and distribution piping applications (e.g., ASME B31.4, B31.8, and B31.11) Process and power piping have differing requirements and materials that may not be appropriate for the restrictions and examinations described herein, and therefore are not included in this Standard.